温度和机械载荷联合作用下油田超深井中硬质涂层膨胀锥与套管的屈服挤毁压强及试验验证

在充分考虑温度载荷、机械载荷、硬质涂层膨胀锥硬度、套管硬度对膨胀锥与套管之间屈服挤毁压强影响的基础上,根据分形理论和接触力学推导出膨胀锥与套管之间屈服挤毁压强的计算公式.数值分析表明:膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强随最终温度、分形粗糙度、线膨胀系数、硬质涂层膨胀锥布氏硬度、中间主应力系数、套管壁厚的增大而增大;当分形维数从1增大时,膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强随分形维数的增大而减小;当分形维数增大到接近于2时,膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强随分形维数的增大而增大;随拉压强度比的增大,膨胀锥与套管之间的屈服挤毁压强减小.屈服挤毁压强的计算值与试验测试值之间的相对误差为-8.9253%～-0.9901%.     

大位移井顶替效率最优的套管居中度设计方法

在实际井眼中,由于存在重力效应,造成套管偏心的形式有两种:一是套管贴向下井壁的整体偏心;二是扶正器间的套管屈曲变形产生的局部偏心。这两种偏心都极大地影响套管的居中度,在大位移井中体现得更为明显。在分析SY/T 5334—1996中居中度标准由来的基础上,得出目前国内采用套管居中度标准的局限性,引入最优顶替效率情况下的极限偏心距理论,建立极限偏心距条件下的套管居中度计算模型,并分析各因素对套管居中度的影响规律,提出利用极限偏心距理论和国标对大位移井套管居中度进行综合优化设计的思想,提高大位移井的套管居中度,满足水泥浆的顶替效率需求。结果表明:适当提高水泥浆动切力、降低钻井液动切力及提高水泥浆与钻井液的密度差的方法可以弥补井斜角对套管居中度的要求,但在90°的水平井段改变密度差的方法不适用。     

小长径比组合立管内液塞长度演化规律

以气液柱状旋流分离器(GLCC)入口管之前的小长径比组合立管为对象,建立一套气液两相流试验系统,实验研究组合立管内不同位置的液塞长度统计分布规律。结果表明:液塞从水平入口段进入立管段直至排出的过程中存在液塞减速与加速现象,计算液塞长度时必须考虑。水平入口段、立管段及水平出口段的液塞长度分布均符合对数正态分布;随折算气速增大,入口段平均液塞长度先增大后减小,出口段平均液塞长度则呈减小趋势。在低折算液速下,立管段平均液塞长度随折算气速增大而减小;高折算液速时,平均液塞长度随折算气速增大先增大后减小。液塞通过整个组合立管的过程中,平均液塞长度先增大后减小。     

模糊综合评价法对海洋立管的风险评价

通过建立海洋立管评价指标体系,根据模糊评价理论,提出海洋立管失效风险的模糊综合评估模型.运用专家打分法结合层次分析法确定指标权重,通过实例计算,对海洋立管失效风险进行定性和定量的评价.     

同心套管结构内热式重力热管的传热性能试验

搭建了同心套管结构内热式重力热管的试验装置.测试了自然冷却条件下同心套管结构内热式重力热管的启动性能和传热性能,研究了热管蒸发段的管内蒸发传热系数和冷凝段的管内冷凝传热系数随传热量的变化规律.结果表明,在热管外管保温条件下,热管具有较好的启动性能;在热管外管未保温条件下,热管具有较好的整体均温性;在相同的蒸发段加热热流密度时,外管未保温条件下的管内蒸发换热系数要比外管保温条件下的大;外管保温条件下的管内冷凝换热系数要比外管未保温条件下的大.     

高倾斜地层储层压力下降对储层及上部盐层套管等效应力的影响研究

储层压力下降引起的地层压实会导致上部盐层变形,再加上地层倾斜的影响,进一步加剧了盐层套管的损坏。针对这一技术难题,采用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立了上部盐岩、下部储层的套管-水泥环-倾斜地层三维模型,研究了不同倾角地层储层压力下降对储层及上部盐层套管等效应力的影响。得出以下结论:由于分界面处岩性变化,导致界面附近套管等效应力变化剧烈;分界面以上(含盐层)套管等效应力大于分界面以下(含储层)套管等效应力;储层压力下降幅度一定,套管等效应力随地层倾角的增加而增加;地层倾角一定,随着储层压力下降幅度增加,当下降幅度低于20%时,套管等效应力增加缓慢;下降幅度超过20%,套管等效应力增加剧烈。将该方法应用于中国西部某油田db204井盐下储层压力衰竭分析,完善了盐层套管设计理论,为盐层井筒完整性提供了有力的保障。     

Redescription of Retilaskeya horrida (di Monterosato, 1874) comb. nov. and a re-evaluation of the taxonomic affinity of the genus Retilaskeya (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea)

The family Cerithiopsidae H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853 is distributed worldwide, and comprises around 800 extant species divided into ~40 genera. The most speciose genus within the family is Cerithiopsis Forbes and Hanley, 1850, a taxon currently used as a general receptacle rather than as a proper phylogenetic lineage. We hereby redescribe the rare species Cerithiopsis horrida di Monterosato, 1874, review its nomenclature, known material, and distribution as well as figure the entire protoconch, operculum, and radula for the first time. Our results highlight extreme differences between ‘Cerithiopsis’ horrida and the Cerithiopsis type species Cerithiopsis tubercularis (Montagu, 1803) and strong morphological and radular similarities with species belonging to the genus Retilaskeya Marshall, 1978. A wide discussion lists several taxa that might be ascribed to the same group of species, which presumably constitute a different worldwide lineage. Pending relevant molecular phylogenetic studies of the Triphoroidea Gray, 1847, for morphological conformity we suggest transferring ‘Cerithiopsis’ horrida to the genus Retilaskeya, and the same action is presumably appropriate for its possible sister species ‘Cerithiopsis’ leopardus Rolán and Gori, 2013. Finally, Retilaskeya better conforms to Newtoniellidae Korobkov, 1955 than Cerithiopsidae.     

The morphology of Anophrys arenicola sp. nov. (Ciliophora,Scuticociliatida)

The morphological characteristics of a new species of cilitated protozoan, Anophrys arenicola, are described. The structure of the infraciliature (arrangement, composition, number of kinetosomes and the oral and somatic fibril systems) are described in detail. In addition, a quantitative study of the variation of the principal morphological components has been made through the use of a new modification of the silver carbonate method.     

Some helminth parasites of marine fishes of South Africa: families Enenteridae,Opistholebetidae and Pleorchiidae (Digenea)

The following digeneans are described, recorded or figured from South African waters: Enenterum kyphosi and E. mannarense from Kyphosus vaigiensis; E. elsti, E. prudhoei, E. stinkvis sp. nov. and E. tongaatensis sp. nov. from Neoscorpis lithophilus; Pseudozakia hatampo from Pempheris oualensis; Opistholebes cotylophorus from Amblyrhynchotes honckenii; and Pleorchis sciaenae from Argyrosomus hololepidotus. The other taxa discussed are: family Enenteridae; genus Enenterum (including a key); and genus Opistholebes (syn: Pseudoheterolebes).     

A new genus and two new species of cirolanid isopod Crustacea from the northern Indian Ocean

A new genus of cirolanid isopod Atarbolana, and two new species, Atarbolana exoconta and Cirolana manorae, are described. Atarbolana is distinguished from related cirolanid genera by having a projecting clypeus, pleon with three free tergites, and cylindrical uropod exopod.

Cirolana manorae is most similar to Cirolana bovina Barnard, and new figures are given for that species.